Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP) FAQ

• What is a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and why is it done?
• How is LEEP performed?
• What are the risks of LEEP?
• What should I expect during recovery from LEEP?
• Will I need follow-up visits?
• Glossary

What is a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and why is it done?

If you have an abnormal cervical cancer screening result, your health care professional may suggest that you have a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) as part of the evaluation or for treatment (see the FAQ085 Cervical Cancer Screening). LEEP is one way to remove abnormal cells from the cervix by using a thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel (surgical knife). An electric current is passed through the loop, which cuts away a thin layer of the cervix.

What are the risks of LEEP?

The most common risk in the first 3 weeks after a LEEP is heavy bleeding. If you have heavy bleeding, contact your health care professional. You may need to have more of the paste applied to the cervix to stop it.

LEEP has been associated with an increased risk of future pregnancy problems. Although most women have no problems, there is a small increase in the risk of premature births and having a low birth weight baby. In rare cases, the cervix is narrowed after the procedure. This narrowing may cause problems with menstruation.

Will I need follow-up visits?

After the procedure, you will need to see your health care professional for follow-up visits. You will have cervical cancer screening to be sure that all of the abnormal cells are gone and that they have not returned. If you have another abnormal screening test result, you may need more treatment.

You can help protect the health of your cervix by following these guidelines:

• Have regular pelvic exams and cervical cancer screening.
• Stop smoking—smoking increases your risk of cancer of the cervix.
• Limit your number of sexual partners and use condoms to reduce your risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

How is LEEP performed?

A LEEP should be done when you are not having your menstrual period to give a better view of the cervix. In most cases, LEEP is done in a health care professional’s office. The procedure only takes a few minutes.

During the procedure you will lie on your back and place your legs in stirrups. The health care professional then will insert a speculum into your vagina in the same way as for a pelvic exam. Local anesthesia will be used to prevent pain. It is given through a needle attached to a syringe. You may feel a slight sting, then a dull ache or cramp. The loop is inserted into the vagina to the cervix. There are different sizes and shapes of loops that can be used. You may feel faint during the procedure. If you feel faint, tell your health care professional immediately.

After the procedure, a special paste may be applied to your cervix to stop any bleeding. Electrocautery also may be used to control bleeding. The tissue that is removed will be studied in a lab to confirm the diagnosis.

What should I expect during recovery from LEEP?

After the procedure, you may have

• a watery, pinkish discharge
• mild cramping
• a brownish-black discharge (from the paste used)

It will take a few weeks for your cervix to heal. While your cervix heals, you should not place anything in the vagina, such as tampons or douches. You should not have intercourse. Your health care professional will tell you when it is safe to do so.

You should contact your health care professional if you have any of the following problems:

• Heavy bleeding (more than your normal period)
• Bleeding with clots
• Severe abdominal pain